Information technology for the law

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Law and the Information Society -- The Information Society -- The Network Society -- Social Reality, Data, Processes, and Legal Protection -- The Dynamics of the Information Society -- The Network Effect -- Network Effect and Monopolies -- Information Asymmetry and Other Trends in the IT Market -- Technologies, Society, and the Law -- Legal Informatics -- Computer Law -- A New Mission for the Law -- Chapter 2. Computers -- Computers: Machines for Processing Information -- Hardware and Software -- The Precursors of Computers -- Programmable Machines -- Alan Turing and the Universal Turing Machine -- The Von Neumann Architecture -- Moore's Laws -- The Personal Computer (PC) and Networks -- Interaction by Means of a Computer Network -- Man-Machine-Environment Interaction -- Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer -- Cloud Computing -- Computers as Digital Programmable Machines -- Analogical and Digital Representations -- The Binary System -- Boolean Algebra and Computers -- Chapter 3. The Code: Algorithms and Programs -- Code as Law -- Programs and Algorithms: Introduction -- Algorithms: Examples and Errors -- Algorithm: a more complete definition -- The Correctness of an Algorithm -- Efficiency and Computational Complexity -- From Algorithms to Programming Languages -- From Machine Language to Assembler -- High-Level Languages Compared to Machine Language -- From source Code to Object Code: Interpretation -- From Source Code to Object Code: Compilation -- Chapter 4. Software and Digital Goods -- Software as an Economic Good -- The Proprietary Model of Software Protection -- Justification of, and Issues with, the Proprietary Model -- Free Software and Open Source Models -- GPL License and Copyleft -- Issues with the Free Software / Open Source Software Model -- Development of Free Software / Open Source Software.

Peer Production -- Creative Commons -- Chapter 5. Computers and Data -- Data and Conceptualisation -- The Semiotic Triangle -- Classes, Instances, Attributes, Relationships -- Files and File Formats -- Databases and Information Retrieval Systems -- Queries and Performance of Information Retrieval -- Markup Languages -- HTML language -- XML -- DTD and XML Standards -- Legal Ontologies -- Cryptography -- Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptographic Systems -- Digital Signature -- Digital Signature: the Process -- Electronic Signatures in EU and Italian Law -- Advanced electronic signature and qualified electronic signature -- The Digital Signature in the Italian Law -- Cryptography and Blockchain -- Chapter 6. Big Data and Algorithmic Decision-Making -- Big Data -- Algorithmic Decision-Making -- Machine Learning Methods -- Data Mining Examples -- Legal Challenges -- The General Data Protection Regulation -- Profiling and Discrimination -- Consent and Purposes -- Pseudonymisation -- Transparency and Explanations -- Chapter 7. Internet -- Introduction to Internet -- Origins and Architecture of Internet -- Internet Layers and Protocol Stack -- Net-Neutrality -- Internet Standards -- IP Address -- Domain Names and DNS -- Identification on the Internet -- Server Logs -- Identification: Cookies -- The WWW (World Wide Web) -- Internet Governance -- Semantic Web and the Law -- Chapter 8. Artificial Intelligence and Law -- Artificial Intelligence -- Contributions to Artificial Intelligence -- Strong AI and Weak AI -- Alan Turing and the Turing Test -- John Searle and the Chinese Room -- Connectionism and Neural Networks -- Explicit Knowledge and Reasoning -- Knowledge Based-Systems -- Automated Reasoning and Application of Rules -- Rule-Based Systems for the Legal Domain -- Legal Knowledge Representation -- Oracle Policy Automation -- Agent-based systems.

Chapter 9. Automation and Liability -- Introduction -- Automation and Socio-Technical Systems -- Task-Responsibilities and the Impact of Automation -- Actor-Based Analysis of Liability -- Liability of Individuals -- Liability of Enterprises -- Levels of Automation and Allocation of Liability -- Chapter 10. Machine Learning -- Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning, the Origins -- The Connectionist Paradigm -- Machine Learning: from Distributed AI to Robots -- Artificial Neural Networks, Machine Learning and the Law -- Appendix A. Copyright and Patents: an Introduction -- Copyright Protection -- Economic Rights -- Types of Protected Works -- Software Protection -- Object of the Protection -- Exclusive Rights -- Civil and Criminal Sanctions -- Exceptions and Decompilation -- Patent protection -- Appendix B. The Liability of Internet Service Providers -- Provider's Liability: Introduction -- Providers' Liabilities in US Law -- Providers' Liabilities in EU Law -- Mere Conduit and Caching -- Hosting -- Open Issues -- Platforms, Intellectual Property and Data Protection -- Providers' Liabilities in Italy -- Bibliography -- Ultimato di stampa -- Volumi pubblicati.