Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants

Di Cesare, Mariachiara ; Bentham, James ; et al.

LuleÃ¥ tekniska universitet, OmvÃ¥rdnad ; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom ; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States ; University of Florence, Florence, Italy ; National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan ; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya ; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India ; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru ; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand ; University of California, Berkeley, United States ; Al-Quds University, Palestine ; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, India ; Birzeit University, Palestine ; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico ; University of Adelaide, Australia ; Mahidol University, Thailand ; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias MÃ©dicas y Nutricion, Mexico ; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran ; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Germany ; World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt ; Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg ; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Spain ; Lille University and Hospital, France ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom ; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark ; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway ; Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador ; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India ; National Institute of Public Health, Tunisia ; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway ; Ministry of Health, Malaysia ; Strasbourg University and Hospital, France ; University of YaoundÃ© 1, Cameroon ; Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia ; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Medical University of Gdansk, Poland ; Universidad AutÃ³noma de Madrid, Spain ; University of Palermo, Italy ; Pan American Health Organization, United States ; UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco ; University of Pernambuco, Brazil ; Dalhousie University, Canada ; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan ; Federal University of Maranhao, Brazil ; University of Sydney, Australia ; University of Auckland, New Zealand ; University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia ; University Medical Science, Cuba ; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania ; University of SÃ£o Paulo, Brazil ; B.J. Medical College, India ; Chirayu Medical College, India ; Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, India ; Aga Khan University, Pakistan ; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China ; Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, School of Medicine, China ; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; University of Greenland, Greenland ; University of Oslo, Norway ; University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; NatCen Social Research, United Kingdom ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands ; University of Turin, Italy ; University College London, United Kingdom ; Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom ; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Germany ; CEMIC, Argentina ; Toulouse University, School of Medicine, France ; Ministry of Health, Seychelles; University of Lausanne, Switzerland ; Ghent University, Belgium ; FrieslandCampina, Singapore ; Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela ; Bielefeld University, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center, Germany ; University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Netherlands ; Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, New Zealand ; Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland ; University La Laguna, Spain ; University of Malta, Malta ; Ministry of Health, Tonga ; Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada ; Hospital Santa Maria, CHLN, Portugal ; Istanbul University, Turkey ; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil ; Cardiologia di Mercato S. Severino, Italy ; University of Porto, Portugal ; Santiago de Compostela University, Spain ; Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Italy ; French Institute for Health Surveillance, France ; India Diabetes Research Foundation, India ; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore ; National Institute of Medical Statistics, India ; Academia Sinica, Taiwan ; Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China ; Duke University, United States ; Kailuan General Hospital, China ; University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel ; Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland ; Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan ; Victor BabeÅŸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania ; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea ; Medical University of Silesia, Poland ; Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ; Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium ; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Austria ; University of Southampton, United Kingdom ; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Italy ; Institut Pasteur de Lille, France ; Westmead University of Sydney, Australia ; CIBEROBN, Spain ; National Council of Research, Italy ; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil ; Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique ; University of Copenhagen, Denmark ; Lille University Hospital, France ; National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation ; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands ; University of Montreal, Canada ; Institut de Recherche pour le DÃ©veloppement, France ; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil ; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina ; National Institute of Nutrition, Viet Nam ; University of Queensland, Australia ; Istituto Superiore di SanitÃ , Italy ; Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen, Germany ; MinistÃ¨re de la SantÃ© et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Cote d'Ivoire ; Cardinal Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Poland ; University of Benin, College of Medical Sciences, Nigeria ; National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunisia ; University of California, Davis, United States ; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa ; Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey ; Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom ; University of Zurich, Switzerland ; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Spain ; University of the West Indies, Jamaica ; Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Spain ; Ministry of Health, Argentina ; Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Italy ; Pontificia Universidad CatÃ³lica de Chile, Chile ; University of Manchester, United Kingdom ; University of Tartu, Estonia ; Instituto Nacional de Salud PÃºblica, Mexico ; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia ; Stanford University, United States ; WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt ; Federal University of SÃ£o Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Universitario, Son Espases, Spain ; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil ; Kinki University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan ; Kyoto University, Japan ; Medical University of Warsaw, Poland ; University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ; Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland ; CIBER en EpidemiologÃa y Salud PÃºblica, Spain ; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia ; Wageningen University, Netherlands ; University of Insubria, Italy ; Lund University, Sweden ; Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Israel ; Universidad PolitÃ©cnica de Madrid, Spain ; Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Venezuela ; National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba ; UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, France ; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic ; Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland ; Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Greece ; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland ; Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Serbia ; National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China ; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore ; Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland ; Universidad Icesi, Colombia ; State University of Montes Claros, Brazil ; King's College London, United Kingdom ; Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, China ; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India ; University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina ; Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark ; Tulane University, United States ; National Institute of Public Health, Mexico ; Chinese University of Hong Kong, China ; University of Western Australia, Australia ; FundaciÃ³n OftalmolÃ³gica de Santander, Colombia ; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil ; University of Oran 1, Algeria ; Ministry of Health, Myanmar ; Peking University, Health Science Center, China ; International Agency for Research on Cancer, France ; American University of Beirut, Lebanon ; Cairo University, Egypt ; Niigata University, Japan ; Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel ; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait ; Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China ; Simon Fraser University, Canada ; Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany ; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Denmark ; World Health Organization Country Office, India ; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland ; University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ; University of Zagreb, Croatia ; University of Crete, Greece ; Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity, Greece ; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States ; National Institute of Epidemiology, India ; University of MÃ¼nster, Germany ; University of Haifa, Israel ; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Iran ; VU University Medical Center, Netherlands ; South African Medical Research Council, South Africa ; Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Germany ; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Medical University Innsbruck, Austria ; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania ; National Cancer Center, South Korea ; Kyushu University, Japan ; Statistics Austria, Austria ; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium ; Tartu University Clinics, Estonia ; Polish Academy of Sciences, Anthropology Unit, Wroclaw, Poland ; University Hospital Ulm, Germany ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway ; MRC North-West University, South Africa ; Medical University of Lodz, Poland ; Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; National Institute of Public Health of Algeria, Algeria ; Ministerio de Salud PÃºblica, Cuba ; Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden ; Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy ; National University of Singapore, Singapore ; Tampere University Hospital, Finland ; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China ; University Medicine Greifswald, Germany ; ConsejerÃa de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y LeÃ³n, Spain ; University of Porto Medical School, Portugal ; University of Uppsala, Sweden ; Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan ; Italian National Research Council, Italy ; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil ; Harokopio University of Athens, Greece ; University of Otago, New Zealand ; University of Padova, Italy ; University of Reading, United Kingdom ; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions MÃ¨diques, Spain ; Emory University, United States ; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa ; University of Rzeszow, Poland ; Brown University, United States ; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; University College Dublin, Ireland ; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia ; Institut National de la SantÃ© et de la Recherche MÃ©dicale, France ; Robert Koch Institute, Germany ; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran ; University of PÃ©cs, Hungary ; Mulago Hospital, Uganda ; University of Limpopo, South Africa ; Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain ; RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland ; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama ; University of Brescia, Italy ; University of Eastern Finland, Finland ; Mary Immaculate College, Ireland ; Ulm University, Germany ; Kobe University, Japan ; Suraj Eye Institute, India ; Helen Keller International, Cameroon ; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden ; University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam ; Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam ; Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela ; Heartfile, Pakistan ; Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan ; University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil ; National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland ; University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico ; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Denmark ; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, United Kingdom ; University of Novi Sad, Serbia ; Aarhus University, Denmark ; Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland ; University of Coimbra, Portugal ; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy ; University of Madison-Wisconsin, United States ; Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany ; University of Bari, Italy ; University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ; Heart Institute (InCor), Brazil ; Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam ; Federal Ministry of Health, Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Cardiovascular Prevention Centre, Udine, Italy ; University Hospital of Pisa, Italy ; University of New South Wales, Australia ; Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain ; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia ; Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Ministry of Health, Viet Nam ; Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Bangladesh ; Turku University Hospital, Finland ; Institut Universitari d'InvestigaciÃ³ en AtenciÃ³ PrimÃ ria Jordi Gol, Spain ; University of Malaya, Malaysia ; University of Valencia, Spain ; University of the Philippines, Philippines ; Department of Health, Brazil ; Health Center San AgustÃn, Spain ; PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands ; Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada ; Canarian Health Service, Spain ; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia ; Fiji National University, Fiji ; University of Madeira, Portugal ; Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India ; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia ; University of Helsinki, Finland ; National Institute of Health, Peru ; Ministry of Health, Indonesia ; Catalan Department of Health, Spain ; University of Lisbon, Portugal ; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Portugal ; Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus ; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Rigshospitalet, Denmark ; Ministry of Health, Thailand ; Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Nigeria ; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Iran ; University of Tokyo, Japan ; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland ; St. Vincent's Hospital, Australia ; UmeÃ¥ University, Sweden ; Health Polytechnics Institute, Indonesia ; Institut RÃ©gional de SantÃ© Publique, Benin ; University of Bordeaux, France ; University of Leuven, Belgium ; INSERM, France ; Heart Foundation, Australia ; Bonn University, Germany ; Sotiria Hospital, Greece ; National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland ; Swansea University, United Kingdom ; Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan ; Uppsala University, Sweden ; Ministry of Health, Jordan ; UNICEF, Cameroon ; IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain ; Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece ; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, USA ; Government Medical College, India ; Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa ; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait ; Meharry Medical College, United States ; Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria ; Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey ; Centro di Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, Udine, Italy ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain ; Ministry of Health, Seychelles ; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa ; University of Strasbourg, France ; University College Cork, Ireland ; Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia ; Xinjiang Medical University, China ; Beijing Tongren Hospital, China ; St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom ; Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia ; University of Sydney, Australia; University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China ; Fudan University, China ; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China ; Ministry of Health, Turkey ; Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus ; Duke University, United States; Peking University, Health Science Center, China ; Inner Mongolia Medical University, China ; Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark ; Lancet Publishing Group, 2016

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Background: Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods: We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m2[underweight], 18.5 kg/m2 to <20 kg/m2, 20 kg/m2 to <25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 to <35 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2 to <40 kg/m2, â‰¥40 kg/m2 [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue. Findings: We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m2 (24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m2 (21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m2 (24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21.4 kg/m2 in central Africa and south Asia to 29.2 kg/m2 (28.6-29.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21.8 kg/m2 (21.4-22.3) in south Asia to 32.2 kg/m2 (31.5-32.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13.8% (10.5-17.4) to 8.8% (7.4-10.3) in men and from 14.6% (11.6-17.9) to 9.7% (8.3-11.1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23.4% (17.8-29.2) in men and 24.0% (18.9-29.3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence ...

Titel:	Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Di Cesare, Mariachiara ; Bentham, James ; Stevens, Gretchen A. ; Zhou, Bin ; Danaei, Goodarz ; Lu, Yuan ; Bixby, Honor ; Cowan, Melanie J. ; Riley, Leanne M. ; Hajifathalian, Kaveh ; Fortunato, LÃ©a ; Taddei, Cristina ; Bennett, James E. ; Ikeda, Nayu ; Khang, Young-Ho ; Kyobutungi, Catherine ; Laxmaiah, Avula ; Li, Yanping ; Lin, Hsien-Ho ; Miranda, J. Jaime ; Mostafa, Aya ; Turley, Maria L. ; Paciorek, Christopher J. ; Gunter, Marc ; Ezzati, Majid ; Abdeen, Ziad A. ; Hamid, Zargar Abdul ; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. ; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin ; Adams, Robert ; Aekplakorn, Wichai ; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. ; Ahmadvand, Alireza ; Ahrens, Wolfgang ; Ali, Mohamed M. ; Alkerwi, Ala'a ; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar ; Aly, Eman ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Amuzu, Antoinette ; Andersen, Lars Bo ; Anderssen, Sigmund A. ; Andrade, Dolores S. ; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan ; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer ; Ariansen, Inger ; Aris, Tahir ; Arlappa, Nimmathota ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Assah, Felix K. ; AvdicovÃ¡, MÃ¡ria ; Azizi, Fereidoun ; Babu, Bontha V. ; Balakrishna, Nagalla ; Bandosz, Piotr ; Banegas, JosÃ© R. ; Barbagallo, Carlo M. ; BarcelÃ³, Alberto ; Barkat, Amina ; Barros, Mauro V. ; Bata, Iqbal ; Batieha, Anwar M. ; Batista, Rosangela L. ; Baur, Louise A. ; Beaglehole, Robert ; Romdhane, Habiba Ben ; Benet, Mikhail ; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio ; Bernotiene, Gailute ; Bettiol, Heloisa ; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor ; Bharadwaj, Sumit ; Bhargava, Santosh K. ; Bhatti, Zaid ; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. ; Bi, Hong ; Sheng ; Bi, Yufang ; Bjerregaard, Peter ; Bjertness, Espen ; Bjertness, Marius B. ; BjÃ¶rkelund, Cecilia ; Blake, Margaret ; Blokstra, Anneke ; Bo, Simona ; Bobak, Martin ; Boddy, Lynne M. ; Boehm, Bernhard O. ; Boeing, Heiner ; Boissonnet, Carlos P. ; Bongard, Vanina ; Bovet, Pascal ; Braeckman, Lutgart ; Bragt, Marjolijn C.E. ; Brajkovich, Imperia ; Branca, Francesco ; Breckenkamp, Juergen ; Brenner, Hermann ; Brewster, Lizzy M. ; Brian, Garry R. ; Bruno, Graziella ; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B. ; Bugge, Anna ; Burns, Con ; De LeÃ³n, Antonio Cabrera ; Cacciottolo, Joseph ; Cama, Tilema ; Cameron, Christine ; Camolas, JosÃ© ; Can, GÃ¼nay ; CÃ¢ndido, Ana Paula C. ; Capuano, Vincenzo ; Cardoso, Viviane C. ; Carvalho, Maria J. ; Casanueva, Felipe F. ; Casas, Juan-Pablo ; Caserta, Carmelo A. ; Castetbon, Katia ; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha ; Chan, Angelique W. ; Chan, Queenie ; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. ; Chaturvedi, Nishi ; Chen, Chien-Jen ; Chen, Fangfang ; Chen, Huashuai ; Chen, Shuohua ; Chen, Zhengming ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Chetrit, Angela ; Chiolero, Arnaud ; Chiou, Shu-Ti ; Chirita-Emandi, Adela ; Cho, Yumi ; Christensen, Kaare ; Chudek, Jerzy ; Cifkova, Renata ; Claessens, Frank ; Clays, Els ; Concin, Hans ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Cooper, Rachel ; Coppinger, Tara C. ; Costanzo, Simona ; Cottel, Dominique ; Cowell, Chris ; Craig, Cora L. ; Crujeiras, Ana B. ; D'Arrigo, Graziella ; D'Orsi, Eleonora ; Dallongeville, Jean ; Damasceno, Albertino ; Damsgaard, Camilla T. ; Dankner, Rachel ; Dauchet, Luc ; De Backer, Guy ; De Bacquer, Dirk ; De Gaetano, Giovanni ; De Henauw, Stefaan ; De Smedt, Delphine ; Deepa, Mohan ; Deev, Alexander D. ; Dehghan, Abbas ; Delisle, HÃ©lÃ¨ne ; Delpeuch, Francis ; Dhana, Klodian ; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. ; Dias-Da-Costa, Juvenal Soares ; Diaz, Alejandro ; Djalalinia, Shirin ; Do, Ha T.P. ; Dobson, Annette J. ; Donfrancesco, Chiara ; DÃ¶ring, Angela ; Doua, Kouamelan ; Drygas, Wojciech ; Egbagbe, Eruke E. ; Eggertsen, Robert ; Ekelund, Ulf ; El Ati, Jalila ; Elliott, Paul ; Engle-Stone, Reina ; Erasmus, Rajiv T. ; Erem, Cihangir ; Eriksen, Louise ; De La PeÃ±a, Jorge Escobedo ; Evans, Alun ; Faeh, David ; Fall, Caroline H. ; Farzadfar, Farshad ; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. ; Ferguson, Trevor S. ; FernÃ¡ndez-BergÃ©s, Daniel ; Ferrante, Daniel ; Ferrari, Marika ; Ferreccio, Catterina ; Ferrieres, Jean ; Finn, Joseph D. ; Fischer, Krista ; Flores, Eric Monterubio ; FÃ¶ger, Bernhard ; Foo, Leng Huat ; Forslund, Ann-Sofie ; Fortmann, Stephen P. ; Fouad, Heba M. ; Francis, Damian K. ; Do Carmo Franco, Maria ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Frontera, Guillermo ; Fuchs, Flavio D. ; Fuchs, Sandra C. ; Fujita, Yuki ; Furusawa, Takuro ; Gaciong, Zbigniew ; Gafencu, Mihai ; Gareta, Dickman ; Garnett, Sarah P. ; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel ; Gasull, Magda ; Gates, Louise ; Geleijnse, Johanna M. ; Ghasemian, Anoosheh ; Giampaoli, Simona ; Gianfagna, Francesco ; Giovannelli, Jonathan ; Giwercman, Aleksander ; Goldsmith, Rebecca A. ; Gross, Marcela Gonzalez ; Rivas, Juan P. GonzÃ¡lez ; Gorbea, Mariano Bonet ; Gottrand, Frederic ; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel ; Grafnetter, DuÅ¡an ; Grajda, Aneta ; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. ; Gregor, Ronald D. ; Grodzicki, Tomasz ; GrÃ¸ntved, Anders ; Gruden, Grabriella ; Grujic, Vera ; Gu, Dongfeng ; Guan, Ong Peng ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Guerrero, Ramiro ; Guessous, Idris ; Guimaraes, Andre L. ; Gulliford, Martin C. ; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna ; Guo, Xiu H. ; Guo, Yin ; Gupta, Prakash C. ; Gureje, Oye ; Gurzkowska, Beata ; Gutierrez, Laura ; Gutzwiller, Felix ; HalkjÃ¦r, Jytte ; Hardy, Rebecca ; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari ; Hayes, Alison J. ; He, Jiang ; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth ; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez ; Heshmat, Ramin ; Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani ; Ho, Sai Yin ; Ho, Suzanne C. ; Hobbs, Michael ; Hofman, Albert ; Hormiga, Claudia M. ; Horta, Bernardo L. ; Houti, Leila ; Htay, Thein Thein ; Htet, Aung Soe ; Htike, Maung Maung Than ; Hu, Yonghua ; Hussieni, Abdullatif S. ; Huu, Chinh Nguyen ; Huybrechts, Inge ; Hwalla, Nahla ; Iacoviello, Licia ; Iannone, Anna G. ; Ibrahim, M. Mohsen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Irazola, Vilma E. ; Islam, Muhammad ; Iwasaki, Masanori ; Jackson, Rod T. ; Jacobs, Jeremy M. ; Jafar, Tazeen ; Jamil, Kazi M. ; Jamrozik, Konrad ; Jasienska, Grazyna ; Jiang, Chao Qiang ; Joffres, Michel ; Johansson, Mattias ; Jonas, Jost B. ; JÃ¸rgensen, Torben ; Joshi, Pradeep ; Juolevi, Anne ; Jurak, Gregor ; JureÅ¡a, Vesna ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Kafatos, Anthony ; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra ; Kapantais, Efthymios ; Kasaeian, Amir ; Katz, Joanne ; Kaur, Prabhdeep ; Kavousi, Maryam ; Keil, Ulrich ; Boker, Lital Keinan ; Kelishadi, Roya ; Kemper, Han H.C.G. ; Kengne, Andre P. ; Kersting, Mathilde ; Key, Timothy ; Khader, Yousef Saleh ; Khalili, Davood ; Khaw, Kay-Tee H. ; Khouw, Ilse M.S.L. ; Kiechl, Stefan ; Killewo, Japhet ; Kim, Jeongseon ; Kiyohara, Yutaka ; Klimont, Jeannette ; Kolle, Elin ; Kolsteren, Patrick ; Korrovits, Paul ; Koskinen, Seppo ; Kouda, Katsuyasu ; Koziel, Slawomir ; Kratzer, Wolfgang ; Krokstad, Steinar ; Kromhout, Daan ; Kruger, Herculina S. ; Kula, Krzysztof ; Kulaga, Zbigniew ; Kumar, R. Krishna ; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra ; Laatikainen, Tiina ; Lachat, Carl ; Laid, Youcef ; Lam, Tai Hing ; Landrove, Orlando ; Lanska, Vera ; Lappas, Georg ; Laugsand, Lars E. ; Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh ; Le, Tuyen D. ; Leclercq, Catherine ; Lee, Jeannette ; Lee, Jeonghee ; LehtimÃ¤ki, Terho ; Rampal, Lekhraj ; LeÃ³n-Munoz, Luz M. ; Lim, Wei-Yen ; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda ; Lin, Xu ; Linneberg, Allan ; Lissner, Lauren ; Litwin, Mieczyslaw ; Liu, Jing ; Lorbeer, Roberto ; Lotufo, Paulo A. ; Lozano, JosÃ© Eugenio ; Luksiene, Dalia ; Lundqvist, Annamari ; Lunet, Nuno ; Lytsy, Per ; Ma, Guansheng ; Machi, Suka ; Maggi, Stefania ; Magliano, Dianna J. ; Makdisse, Marcia ; Malekzadeh, Reza ; Malhotra, Rahul ; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna ; Manios, Yannis ; Mann, Jim I. ; Manzato, Enzo ; Margozzini, Paula ; Markey, Oonagh ; Marques-Vidal, Pedro ; Marrugat, Jaume ; Martin-Prevel, Yves ; Martorell, Reynaldo ; Masoodi, Shariq R. ; Matsha, Tandi E. ; Mazur, Artur ; Mbanya, Jean Claude N. ; McFarlane, Shelly R. ; McGarvey, Stephen T. ; McKee, Martin ; McLachlan, Stela ; McLean, Rachael M. ; McNulty, Breige A. ; Md Yusof, Safiah ; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia ; Meirhaeghe, Aline ; Meisinger, Christa ; Mendes, Larissa L. ; Menezes, Ana Maria B. ; Mensink, Gert B.M. ; Meshram, Indrapal I. ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mi, Jie ; Michaelsen, Kim F. ; Mikkel, Kairit ; Miller, Jody C. ; Miquel, Juan Francisco ; MiÅ¡igoj-DurakoviÄ‡, Marjeta ; Mohamed, Mostafa K. ; Mohammad, Kazem ; Mohammadifard, Noushin ; Mohan, Viswanathan ; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd ; Molbo, Drude ; MÃ¸ller, Niels C. ; MolnÃ¡r, DÃ©nes ; Mondo, Charles K. ; Monterrubio, Eric A. ; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. ; Moreira, Leila B. ; Morejon, Alain ; Moreno, Luis A. ; Morgan, Karen ; Mortensen, Erik Lykke ; Moschonis, George ; Mossakowska, Malgorzata ; Mota, Jorge ; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel ; Motta, Jorge ; Mu, Thet Thet ; Muiesan, Maria Lorenza ; MÃ¼ller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Murphy, Neil ; Mursu, Jaakko ; Murtagh, Elaine M. ; Musa, Kamarul Imran ; Musil, Vera ; Nagel, Gabriele ; Nakamura, Harunobu ; NÃ¡meÅ¡nÃ¡, Jana ; Nang, Ei Ei K. ; Nangia, Vinay B. ; Nankap, Martin ; Narake, Sameer ; Navarrete-MuÃ±oz, Eva Maria ; Nenko, Ilona ; Neovius, Martin ; Nervi, Flavio ; Neuhauser, Hannelore K. ; Nguyen, Nguyen D. ; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc ; Nieto-MartÃnez, Ramfis E. ; Ning, Guang ; Ninomiya, Toshiharu ; Nishtar, Sania ; Noale, Marianna ; Norat, Teresa ; Noto, Davide ; Al Nsour, Mohannad ; O'Reilly, Dermot ; Ochoa-AvilÃ©s, AngÃ©lica M. ; Oh, Kyungwon ; Olayan, Iman H. ; Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo ; Oltarzewski, Maciej ; Omar, Mohd A. ; Onat, Altan ; Ordunez, Pedro ; Ortiz, Ana P. ; Osler, Merete ; Osmond, Clive ; Ostojic, Sergej M. ; Otero, Johanna A. ; Overvad, Kim ; Paccaud, Fred Michel ; Padez, Cristina ; Pajak, Andrzej ; Palli, Domenico ; Palloni, Alberto ; Palmieri, Luigi ; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra ; Panza, Francesco ; Parnell, Winsome R. ; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh ; Pednekar, Mangesh S. ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Peixoto, Sergio Viana ; Pereira, Alexandre C. ; PÃ©rez, Cynthia M. ; Peters, Annette ; Peykari, Niloofar ; Pham, Son Thai ; Pigeot, Iris ; Pikhart, Hynek ; Pilav, Aida ; Pilotto, Lorenza ; Pistelli, Francesco ; Pitakaka, Freda ; Piwonska, Aleksandra ; Piwonski, Jerzy ; Plans-RubiÃ³, Pedro ; Poh, Bee Koon ; Porta, Miquel ; Portegies, Marileen L.P. ; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios ; Pradeepa, Rajendra ; Prashant, Mathur ; Price, Jacqueline F. ; Puiu, Maria ; Punab, Margus ; Qasrawi, Radwan F. ; Qorbani, Mostafa ; Bao, Tran Quoc ; Radic, Ivana ; Radisauskas, Ricardas ; Rahman, Mahmudur ; Raitakari, Olli ; Raj, Manu ; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra ; Ramachandran, Ambady ; Ramke, Jacqueline ; Ramos, Rafel ; Rampal, Sanjay ; Rasmussen, Finn ; Redon, Josep ; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. ; Ribeiro, Robespierre ; Riboli, Elio ; Rigo, Fernando ; De Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke ; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. ; Rivera, Juan A. ; Robinson, Sian M. ; Robitaille, Cynthia ; RodrÃguez-Artalejo, Fernando ; Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, MarÃa ; RodrÃguez-Villamizar, Laura A. ; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba ; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa ; Romaguera, Dora ; Ronkainen, Kimmo ; Rosengren, Annika ; Rouse, Ian ; Rubinstein, Adolfo ; RÃ¼hli, Frank J. ; Rui, Ornelas ; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra ; Horimoto, Andrea R.V. Russo ; Rutkowski, Marcin ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Sachdev, Harshpal S. ; Saidi, Olfa ; Salanave, Benoit ; Martinez, Eduardo Salazar ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salonen, Jukka T. ; Salvetti, Massimo ; SÃ¡nchez-Abanto, Jose ; Sandjaja ; Sans, Susana ; Santos, Diana A. ; Santos, Osvaldo ; Dos Santos, Renata Nunes ; Santos, Rute ; Sardinha, Luis B. ; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Savva, Savvas C. ; Scazufca, Marcia ; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath ; Schargrodsky, Herman ; Schienkiewitz, Anja ; Schmidt, Ida Maria ; Schneider, Ione J. ; Schultsz, Constance ; Schutte, Aletta E. ; Sein, Aye Aye ; Sen, Abhijit ; Senbanjo, Idowu O. ; Sepanlou, Sadaf G. ; Shalnova, Svetlana A. ; Shaw, Jonathan E. ; Shibuya, Kenji ; Shin, Youchan ; Shiri, Rahman ; Siantar, Rosalynn ; Sibai, Abla M. ; Silva, Antonio M. ; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos ; Simon, Mary ; Simons, Judith ; Simons, Leon A. ; Sjostrom, Michael ; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta ; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw ; Smeeth, Liam ; Smith, Margaret C. ; Snijder, Marieke B. ; So, Hung-Kwan ; Sobngwi, EugÃ¨ne ; SÃ¶derberg, Stefan ; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y.E. ; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo ; Sonestedt, Emily ; SÃ¸rensen, Thorkild I.A. ; SoriÄ‡, Maroje ; JÃ©rome, Charles Sossa ; Soumare, Aicha ; Staessen, Jan A. ; Starc, Gregor ; Stathopoulou, Maria G. ; Staub, Kaspar ; Stavreski, Bill ; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein ; Stehle, Peter ; Stein, Aryeh D. ; Stergiou, George S. ; Stessman, Jochanan ; Stieber, Jutta ; StÃ¶ckl, Doris ; Stocks, Tanja ; Stokwiszewski, Jakub ; Stratton, Gareth ; Strufaldi, Maria Wany ; Sun, Chien-An ; SundstrÃ¶m, Johan ; Sung, Yn-Tz ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul ; Swinburn, Boyd A. ; Sy, Rody G. ; Szponar, Lucjan ; Tai, E. Shyong ; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis ; Tamosiunas, Abdonas ; Tang, Line ; Tang, Xun ; Tanser, Frank ; Tao, Yong ; Tarawneh, Mohammed ; Tarp, Jakob ; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. ; Taylor, Anne ; Tchibindat, FÃ©licitÃ© ; Thijs, Lutgarde ; Thuesen, Betina H. ; Tjonneland, Anne ; Tolonen, Hanna K. ; Tolstrup, Janne S. ; Topbas, Murat ; TopÃ³r-Madry, Roman ; Torrent, Maties ; Traissac, Pierre ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Trinh, Oanh T.H. ; Trivedi, Atul ; Tshepo, Lechaba ; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. ; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Tynelius, Per ; Tzotzas, Themistoklis ; Tzourio, Christophe ; Ueda, Peter ; Ukoli, Flora A.M. ; Ulmer, Hanno ; Unal, Belgin ; Valdivia, Gonzalo ; Vale, Susana ; Valvi, Damaskini ; Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T. ; Van Herck, Koen ; Van Minh, Hoang ; Van Valkengoed, Irene G.M. ; Vanderschueren, Dirk ; Vanuzzo, Diego ; Vatten, Lars ; Vega, Tomas ; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo ; Veronesi, Giovanni ; Monique Verschuren, W. M. ; Viegi, Giovanni ; Viet, Lucie ; Viikari-Juntura, Eira ; Vineis, Paolo ; Vioque, Jesus ; Virtanen, Jyrki K. ; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie ; Viswanathan, Bharathi ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Voutilainen, Sari ; Vrijheid, Martine ; Wade, Alisha N. ; Wagner, Aline ; Walton, Janette ; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan ; Wang, Ming-Dong ; Wang, Qian ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wannamethee, S. Goya ; Wareham, Nicholas ; Weerasekera, Deepa ; Whincup, Peter H. ; Widhalm, Kurt ; Widyahening, Indah S. ; Wiecek, Andrzej ; Wilks, Rainford J. ; Willeit, Johann ; Wojtyniak, Bogdan ; Wong, Jyh Eiin ; Wong, Tien Yin ; Woo, Jean ; Woodward, Mark ; Wu, Frederick C. ; Wu, Jian ; Feng ; Wu, Shou Ling ; Xu, Haiquan ; Xu, Liang ; Yamborisut, Uruwan ; Yan, Weili ; Yang, Xiaoguang ; Yardim, Nazan ; Ye, Xingwang ; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. ; Yoshihara, Akihiro ; You, Qi Sheng ; Younger-Coleman, Novie O. ; Yusoff, Ahmad F. ; Zainuddin, Ahmad A. ; Zambon, Sabina ; Zdrojewski, Tomasz ; Zeng, Yi ; Zhao, Dong ; Zhao, Wenhua ; Zheng, Yingfeng ; Zhou, Maigeng ; Zhu, Dan ; Zimmermann, Esther ; Cisneros, Julio ZuÃ±iga
Link:	Volltext https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
Veröffentlichung:	LuleÃ¥ tekniska universitet, OmvÃ¥rdnad ; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom ; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States ; University of Florence, Florence, Italy ; National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan ; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya ; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India ; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru ; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand ; University of California, Berkeley, United States ; Al-Quds University, Palestine ; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, India ; Birzeit University, Palestine ; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico ; University of Adelaide, Australia ; Mahidol University, Thailand ; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias MÃ©dicas y Nutricion, Mexico ; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran ; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Germany ; World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt ; Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg ; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Spain ; Lille University and Hospital, France ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom ; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark ; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway ; Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador ; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India ; National Institute of Public Health, Tunisia ; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway ; Ministry of Health, Malaysia ; Strasbourg University and Hospital, France ; University of YaoundÃ© 1, Cameroon ; Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia ; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Medical University of Gdansk, Poland ; Universidad AutÃ³noma de Madrid, Spain ; University of Palermo, Italy ; Pan American Health Organization, United States ; UniversitÃ© Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco ; University of Pernambuco, Brazil ; Dalhousie University, Canada ; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan ; Federal University of Maranhao, Brazil ; University of Sydney, Australia ; University of Auckland, New Zealand ; University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia ; University Medical Science, Cuba ; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania ; University of SÃ£o Paulo, Brazil ; B.J. Medical College, India ; Chirayu Medical College, India ; Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, India ; Aga Khan University, Pakistan ; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China ; Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, School of Medicine, China ; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; University of Greenland, Greenland ; University of Oslo, Norway ; University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; NatCen Social Research, United Kingdom ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands ; University of Turin, Italy ; University College London, United Kingdom ; Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom ; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Germany ; CEMIC, Argentina ; Toulouse University, School of Medicine, France ; Ministry of Health, Seychelles; University of Lausanne, Switzerland ; Ghent University, Belgium ; FrieslandCampina, Singapore ; Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela ; Bielefeld University, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center, Germany ; University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Netherlands ; Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, New Zealand ; Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland ; University La Laguna, Spain ; University of Malta, Malta ; Ministry of Health, Tonga ; Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada ; Hospital Santa Maria, CHLN, Portugal ; Istanbul University, Turkey ; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil ; Cardiologia di Mercato S. Severino, Italy ; University of Porto, Portugal ; Santiago de Compostela University, Spain ; Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Italy ; French Institute for Health Surveillance, France ; India Diabetes Research Foundation, India ; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore ; National Institute of Medical Statistics, India ; Academia Sinica, Taiwan ; Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China ; Duke University, United States ; Kailuan General Hospital, China ; University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel ; Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland ; Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan ; Victor BabeÅŸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania ; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea ; Medical University of Silesia, Poland ; Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ; Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium ; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Austria ; University of Southampton, United Kingdom ; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Italy ; Institut Pasteur de Lille, France ; Westmead University of Sydney, Australia ; CIBEROBN, Spain ; National Council of Research, Italy ; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil ; Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique ; University of Copenhagen, Denmark ; Lille University Hospital, France ; National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation ; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands ; University of Montreal, Canada ; Institut de Recherche pour le DÃ©veloppement, France ; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil ; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina ; National Institute of Nutrition, Viet Nam ; University of Queensland, Australia ; Istituto Superiore di SanitÃ , Italy ; Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen, Germany ; MinistÃ¨re de la SantÃ© et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Cote d'Ivoire ; Cardinal Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Poland ; University of Benin, College of Medical Sciences, Nigeria ; National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunisia ; University of California, Davis, United States ; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa ; Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey ; Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom ; University of Zurich, Switzerland ; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Spain ; University of the West Indies, Jamaica ; Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Spain ; Ministry of Health, Argentina ; Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Italy ; Pontificia Universidad CatÃ³lica de Chile, Chile ; University of Manchester, United Kingdom ; University of Tartu, Estonia ; Instituto Nacional de Salud PÃºblica, Mexico ; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia ; Stanford University, United States ; WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt ; Federal University of SÃ£o Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Universitario, Son Espases, Spain ; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil ; Kinki University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan ; Kyoto University, Japan ; Medical University of Warsaw, Poland ; University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ; Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland ; CIBER en EpidemiologÃa y Salud PÃºblica, Spain ; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia ; Wageningen University, Netherlands ; University of Insubria, Italy ; Lund University, Sweden ; Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Israel ; Universidad PolitÃ©cnica de Madrid, Spain ; Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Venezuela ; National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba ; UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, France ; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic ; Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland ; Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Greece ; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland ; Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Serbia ; National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China ; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore ; Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland ; Universidad Icesi, Colombia ; State University of Montes Claros, Brazil ; King's College London, United Kingdom ; Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, China ; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India ; University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina ; Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark ; Tulane University, United States ; National Institute of Public Health, Mexico ; Chinese University of Hong Kong, China ; University of Western Australia, Australia ; FundaciÃ³n OftalmolÃ³gica de Santander, Colombia ; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil ; University of Oran 1, Algeria ; Ministry of Health, Myanmar ; Peking University, Health Science Center, China ; International Agency for Research on Cancer, France ; American University of Beirut, Lebanon ; Cairo University, Egypt ; Niigata University, Japan ; Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel ; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait ; Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China ; Simon Fraser University, Canada ; Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany ; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Denmark ; World Health Organization Country Office, India ; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland ; University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ; University of Zagreb, Croatia ; University of Crete, Greece ; Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity, Greece ; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States ; National Institute of Epidemiology, India ; University of MÃ¼nster, Germany ; University of Haifa, Israel ; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Iran ; VU University Medical Center, Netherlands ; South African Medical Research Council, South Africa ; Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Germany ; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Medical University Innsbruck, Austria ; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania ; National Cancer Center, South Korea ; Kyushu University, Japan ; Statistics Austria, Austria ; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium ; Tartu University Clinics, Estonia ; Polish Academy of Sciences, Anthropology Unit, Wroclaw, Poland ; University Hospital Ulm, Germany ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway ; MRC North-West University, South Africa ; Medical University of Lodz, Poland ; Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; National Institute of Public Health of Algeria, Algeria ; Ministerio de Salud PÃºblica, Cuba ; Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden ; Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy ; National University of Singapore, Singapore ; Tampere University Hospital, Finland ; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China ; University Medicine Greifswald, Germany ; ConsejerÃa de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y LeÃ³n, Spain ; University of Porto Medical School, Portugal ; University of Uppsala, Sweden ; Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan ; Italian National Research Council, Italy ; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil ; Harokopio University of Athens, Greece ; University of Otago, New Zealand ; University of Padova, Italy ; University of Reading, United Kingdom ; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions MÃ¨diques, Spain ; Emory University, United States ; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, India ; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa ; University of Rzeszow, Poland ; Brown University, United States ; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; University College Dublin, Ireland ; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia ; Institut National de la SantÃ© et de la Recherche MÃ©dicale, France ; Robert Koch Institute, Germany ; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran ; University of PÃ©cs, Hungary ; Mulago Hospital, Uganda ; University of Limpopo, South Africa ; Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain ; RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland ; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama ; University of Brescia, Italy ; University of Eastern Finland, Finland ; Mary Immaculate College, Ireland ; Ulm University, Germany ; Kobe University, Japan ; Suraj Eye Institute, India ; Helen Keller International, Cameroon ; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden ; University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam ; Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam ; Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela ; Heartfile, Pakistan ; Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan ; University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil ; National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland ; University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico ; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Denmark ; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, United Kingdom ; University of Novi Sad, Serbia ; Aarhus University, Denmark ; Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland ; University of Coimbra, Portugal ; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy ; University of Madison-Wisconsin, United States ; Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany ; University of Bari, Italy ; University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands ; Heart Institute (InCor), Brazil ; Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam ; Federal Ministry of Health, Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Cardiovascular Prevention Centre, Udine, Italy ; University Hospital of Pisa, Italy ; University of New South Wales, Australia ; Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain ; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia ; Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Ministry of Health, Viet Nam ; Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Bangladesh ; Turku University Hospital, Finland ; Institut Universitari d'InvestigaciÃ³ en AtenciÃ³ PrimÃ ria Jordi Gol, Spain ; University of Malaya, Malaysia ; University of Valencia, Spain ; University of the Philippines, Philippines ; Department of Health, Brazil ; Health Center San AgustÃn, Spain ; PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands ; Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada ; Canarian Health Service, Spain ; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia ; Fiji National University, Fiji ; University of Madeira, Portugal ; Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India ; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia ; University of Helsinki, Finland ; National Institute of Health, Peru ; Ministry of Health, Indonesia ; Catalan Department of Health, Spain ; University of Lisbon, Portugal ; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Portugal ; Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus ; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Rigshospitalet, Denmark ; Ministry of Health, Thailand ; Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Nigeria ; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Iran ; University of Tokyo, Japan ; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland ; St. Vincent's Hospital, Australia ; UmeÃ¥ University, Sweden ; Health Polytechnics Institute, Indonesia ; Institut RÃ©gional de SantÃ© Publique, Benin ; University of Bordeaux, France ; University of Leuven, Belgium ; INSERM, France ; Heart Foundation, Australia ; Bonn University, Germany ; Sotiria Hospital, Greece ; National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland ; Swansea University, United Kingdom ; Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan ; Uppsala University, Sweden ; Ministry of Health, Jordan ; UNICEF, Cameroon ; IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain ; Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece ; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, USA ; Government Medical College, India ; Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa ; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait ; Meharry Medical College, United States ; Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria ; Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey ; Centro di Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, Udine, Italy ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain ; Ministry of Health, Seychelles ; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa ; University of Strasbourg, France ; University College Cork, Ireland ; Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia ; Xinjiang Medical University, China ; Beijing Tongren Hospital, China ; St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom ; Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia ; University of Sydney, Australia; University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China ; Fudan University, China ; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China ; Ministry of Health, Turkey ; Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus ; Duke University, United States; Peking University, Health Science Center, China ; Inner Mongolia Medical University, China ; Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark ; Lancet Publishing Group, 2016
Medientyp:	academicJournal
DOI:	10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
Schlagwort:	Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology FolkhÃ¤lsovetenskap global hÃ¤lsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: BASE Sprachen: English Collection: Luleå University of Technology Publications / Publikationer Luleå Tekniska Universitet Document Type: article in journal/newspaper File Description: application/pdf Language: English Rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

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