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Host-associated microbiota play a fundamental role in the training and induction of different forms of immunity, including inducible as well as constitutive components. However, direct experiments analysing the relative importance of microbiota on diverse forms of evolved immune functions are missing. We addressed this gap by using experimentally evolved lines of Tribolium castaneum that either produced inducible immune memory-like responses (immune priming) or constitutively expressed basal resistance (without priming), as divergent counterstrategies against Bacillus thuringiensis infection. We altered the microbial communities present in the diet (i.e. wheat flour) of these evolved lines using UV irradiation and estimated the impact on the beetle's ability to mount a priming response versus basal resistance. Populations that had evolved immune priming lost the ability to mount a priming response upon alteration of diet microbiota. Microbiota manipulation also caused a drastic reduction in their reproductive output and post-infection longevity. In contrast, in pathogen-resistant beetles, microbiota manipulation did not affect post-infection survival or reproduction. The divergent evolution of immune responses across beetle lines was thus associated with divergent reliance on the microbiome. Whether the latter is a direct outcome of differential pathogen exposure during selection or reflects evolved immune functions remains unclear. We hope that our results will motivate further experiments to understand the mechanistic basis of these complex evolutionary associations between microbiota, host immune strategies and fitness outcomes.

Titel:	Alteration of diet microbiota limits the experimentally evolved immune priming response in flour beetles, but not pathogen resistance.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Prakash, A ; Agashe, D ; Khan, I
Zeitschrift:	Journal of evolutionary biology, Jg. 36 (2023-12-01), Heft 12, S. 1745
Veröffentlichung:	January 2024- : [Oxford] : Oxford University Press ; <i>Original Publication</i>: [Basel, Switzerland : Birkhäuser Verlag, c1988-, 2023
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1420-9101 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1111/jeb.14213
Schlagwort:	Animals Flour Triticum Diet Coleoptera Bacillus thuringiensis physiology Tribolium physiology Microbiota
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [J Evol Biol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 36 (12), pp. 1745-1752. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Sep 01. MeSH Terms: Coleoptera* ; Bacillus thuringiensis* / physiology ; Tribolium* / physiology ; Microbiota* ; Animals ; Flour ; Triticum ; Diet References: Agarwal, A., & Agashe, D. (2020). The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: A model for host-microbiome interactions. PLoS One, 15, e0239051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239051. ; Bagchi, B., Seal, S., Raina, M., Basu, D., & Khan, I. (2021). Carcass scavenging relaxes chemical -driven female interference competition in flour beetles. The American Naturalist, 199(1), E1-E14. https://doi.org/10.1086/717250. ; Belkaid, Y., & Hand, T. W. (2014). Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. 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Grant Information: ECR/2017/003370 Science and Engineering Research Board; IA/I/17/1/503091 The DBT Wellcome Trust India Alliance; IA/I/20/1/504930 The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Project695IdentificationNo.RTI4006 Department of Atomic Energy Contributed Indexing: Keywords: basal infection response; experimental evolution; fitness effects; immune priming; microbiome Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20230902 Date Completed: 20231221 Latest Revision: 20231221 Update Code: 20231221

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Alteration of diet microbiota limits the experimentally evolved immune priming response in flour beetles, but not pathogen resistance.